Each channel represents the differential voltage between two of the electrodes, or the differential voltage between one electrode and the average voltage from several electrodes. ![]() The specific locations of the electrodes allow the heart's electrical activity to be viewed from different angles, each of which is displayed as a channel on the ECG printout. ![]() The heart signals are generated by the body and have amplitudes of a few millivolts. An ECG may even be embedded in a separate piece of equipment, such as a patient monitor or an automatic external defibrillator (AED).Īll ECGs pick up heart signals through electrodes connected externally to specific locations on the body. Electrocardiographs, or ECG devices, range from portable handheld units costing less than $200, to units that cost over $5,000 and are the size of facsimile machines. The basics of ECG measurement are the same for all applications, but the details and requirements for electrical components vary greatly. Applications of an ECG range from monitoring heart rate to the diagnosis of specific heart conditions. OverviewĪn electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is the measurement and graphic representation, with respect to time, of the electrical signals associated with the heart muscles. ![]() A variety of ECG applications are discussed, including automatic external defibrillators (AEDs), patient monitors, and higher end diagnostic ECGs, as well as the functional variations they may offer. A broader review is given to the analog front-end (AFE) portion of an ECG device and how this signal path digitizes heart rate data. This application note provides an introduction to electrocardiographs (ECG or EKG) and discusses the basics of how heart signals are measured and displayed electronically.
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